See grian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "grean"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"graean",
"graean#Welsh"
],
[
"*griyano-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/griyano-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "graean"
},
"expansion": "Welsh graean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*griyano-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *griyano-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grïan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïun",
"links": [
[
"grïun",
"griun#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïun",
"links": [
[
"grïun",
"griun#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "ngrian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "gender unknown",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "grïan",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "grïan (gender unknown)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"head": "grïan"
},
"expansion": "grïan (gender unknown)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grïain",
"dat_sg": "grïun",
"head": "grïan",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "grïan+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "grïanu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "grïan+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "grïanaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "grïanaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "grïun+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "grïan",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "grïan+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "grïain+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "grïan+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "grïain+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "grïan",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "grïan+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "grïanu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "grïain",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grïain",
"dat_sg": "grïun",
"head": "grïan",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "grïan+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "grïan+L",
"acc_pl2": "grïana",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "grïan+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "grïanaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "grïanaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "grïun+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "grïan",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "grïan+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "grïain+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "grïan+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "grïan+L",
"nom_pl2": "grïana",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "grïan+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "grïan+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "grïan+L",
"voc_pl2": "grïana",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "grïan+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gravel"
],
"id": "en-grian-sga-noun-NrJpDd01",
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-grian-sga-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bottom (of river)"
],
"id": "en-grian-sga-noun-wII9QbaF",
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"floor (of sea)"
],
"id": "en-grian-sga-noun-tgtmgV9F",
"links": [
[
"floor",
"floor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲɾʲi.ən/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈɡʲɾʲi.an]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈɡʲɾʲi.ən]"
}
],
"word": "grian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "grean"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"graean",
"graean#Welsh"
],
[
"*griyano-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/griyano-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "graean"
},
"expansion": "Welsh graean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*griyano-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *griyano-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grïan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïun",
"links": [
[
"grïun",
"griun#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grïan",
"links": [
[
"grïan",
"grian#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïain",
"links": [
[
"grïain",
"griain#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grïun",
"links": [
[
"grïun",
"griun#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "ngrian",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "gender unknown",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "grïan",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "grïan (gender unknown)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"head": "grïan"
},
"expansion": "grïan (gender unknown)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grïain",
"dat_sg": "grïun",
"head": "grïan",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "grïan+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "grïanu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "grïan+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "grïanaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "grïanaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "grïun+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "grïan",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "grïan+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "grïain+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "grïan+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "grïain+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "grïan",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "grïan+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "grïanu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "grïain",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grïain",
"dat_sg": "grïun",
"head": "grïan",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "grïan+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "grïan+L",
"acc_pl2": "grïana",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "grïan+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "grïanaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "grïanaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "grïun+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "grïan",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "grïan+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "grïain+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "grïan+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "grïan+L",
"nom_pl2": "grïana",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "grïan+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "grïan+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "grïan+L",
"voc_pl2": "grïana",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "grïan+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gravel"
],
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bottom (of river)"
],
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"floor (of sea)"
],
"links": [
[
"floor",
"floor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲɾʲi.ən/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈɡʲɾʲi.an]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈɡʲɾʲi.ən]"
}
],
"word": "grian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grian meaning in Old Irish (7.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"grian"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grian",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.